esquema PRESENTE SIMPLE (tema 2)

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LA HORA (tema 2)

La expresión utilizada en inglés para preguntar la hora es la siguiente: What time is it? o también What's the time? (menos usual) = ¿Qué hora es? Aunque también existen otras posibilidades: - Have you got the time? - Could you tell me the time please? - Would you mind telling me the time? - Have you got the time on you? - You wouldn't know the time, would you? - Do you know the time?

Se utiliza 'a.m.' y 'p.m.' en un lenguaje más formal y normalmente escrito.
Ej. Banks are open from 9:30 a.m. to 2:30 p.m.
Es más normal decir: 'In the morning', 'In the afternoon', 'In the evening', 'At night'

7:00 a.m. = seven o'clock in the morning.
2:15 p.m. = quarter past two in the afternoon.
7:30 p.m. = half past seven in the evening
11:00 p.m. = eleven o'clock at night

o'clock es una contracción antigua que significa 'of the clock' (del reloj). El empleo actual equivale al español 'en punto' (seven o'clock = siete en punto).

o'clock = 'en punto'           a quarter past... = 'y cuarto'
half past... = 'y media'       a quarter to... = 'menos cuarto'

12:00 = midday
24:00 = midnight

Cuando a la hora sigue una fracción de minutos, si es inferior a 30 se utiliza el adverbio 'past'. Si es superior, se indican los minutos seguidos de la preposición 'to'. It's twenty past eleven / son las once y veinte It's ten to four / son las cuatro menos diez

En los horarios oficiales (por ejemplo los horarios de transportes) se sigue el sistema internacional de división del tiempo en 24 horas.

I left on the 17.30 train from Edinburgh / Salí de Edimburgo en el tren de las 17:30

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PRESENT SIMPLE . POWER POINT

Simple present tense from iraidahj

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PRESENT SIMPLE (tema 2)

We use the present tense:

1. For repeated or regular actions

• I take the train to the office.
• The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
• John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

2. For facts.

• The President of The USA lives in The White House.
• A dog has four legs.
• We come from Switzerland.

3. For habits.

• I get up early every day.
• Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
• They travel to their country house every weekend.

4. For things that are true.

• It rains a lot in winter.
• The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
• They speak English at work.

Verb Conjugation & Spelling

We form the present tense using the base form of the infinitive (without the TO).

In general, in the third person we add 'S' in the third person.

Subject	Verb	The Rest of the sentence
I / you / we / they	speak / learn	English at home
he / she / it	speaks / learns	English at home

The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the ending of that verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third person.

• go – goes
• catch – catches
• wash – washes
• kiss – kisses
• fix – fixes
• buzz – buzzes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

• marry – marries
• study – studies
• carry – carries
• worry – worries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

• play – plays
• enjoy – enjoys
• say – says

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:

·       You only speak English.

·       Do you only speak English?

Present Simple Tense

I sing

How do we make the Present Simple Tense?

subject	+	auxiliary verb	+	main verb
		do		base

There are three important exceptions:

1.   For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.

2.   For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.

3.   For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.

Look at these examples with the main verb like:

	subject	auxiliary verb		main verb
+	I, you, we, they			like	coffee.
	He, she, it			likes	coffee.
-	I, you, we, they	do	not	like	coffee.
	He, she, it	does	not	like	coffee.
?	Do	I, you, we, they		like	coffee?
	Does	he, she, it		like	coffee?

Examples of the Present Simple

1.    The sun sets in the west.

2.    We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery.

3.    They move into their new home next week.

4.    So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better mark in this class”.

5.    Jones stops in mid-court and passes the ball to Schuster.

Wh-Questions in the Present Simple

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add do or does, then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-Word	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Verb in Base Form	Rest of Sentence
What	do	I / you / we / they	want
Why	does	he / she / it	shout	at you

1.    When do you want to meet me?

2.    Why does Beth always complain so much?

3.    How much does the ticket cost?

4.    Why don’t you ever go on vacation?

.

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WH- WORDS (tema 2)

what	asking for information about something	What is your name?
	asking for repetition or confirmation	What? I can't hear you. You did what?
when	asking about time	When did he leave?
where	asking in or at what place or position	Where do they live?
which	asking about choice	Which colour do you want?
who	asking what or which person or people (subject)	Who opened the door?
why	asking for reason, asking what...for	Why do you say that?
why don't	making a suggestion	Why don't I help you?
how	asking about manner	How does this work?
	asking about condition or quality	How was your exam?
how much	quantity (uncountable)	How much money do you have?

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PROFESIONES (tema 2)

1.        Accountant: Contable

2.        Actor / Actress: Actor / Actriz

3.        Air hostess: Azafata (avión)

4.        Architect: Arquitecto

5.        Baker: Panadero

6.        Biologist: Biólogo/a

7.        Bus driver: Conductor/a de autobús

8.        Businessman: Empresario, hombre de negocios

9.        Businesswoman: Empresaria, mujer de negocios

10.     Butcher: Carnicero/a

11.     Carpenter: Carpintero/a

12.     Cleaner: Limpiador, mujer de la limpieza

13.     Cook: Cocinero

14.     Chemist: Químico, farmaceútico

15.     Decorator: Decorador

16.     Dentist: Dentista

17.     Designer: Diseñador

18.     Doctor: Médico/a

19.     Dressmaker: Modista

20.     Dustman: Basurero (UK)

21.     Economist: Economista

22.     Electrician: Electricista

23.     Engineer: Ingeniero/a

24.     Farmer: Granjero, agricultor

25.     Fireman: Bombero

26.     Gardener: Jardinero/a

27.     Hairdresser: Peluquero/a

28.     Housewife: Ama de casa

29.     Journalist: Periodista

30.     Judge: Juez

31.     Lawyer: Abogado/a

32.     Life guard: Socorrista

33.     Mechanic: Mecánico/a

34.     Nanny: Niñera

35.     Nurse: Enfermero/a

36.     Office worker: Oficinista

37.     Painter: Pintor

38.     Photographer: Fotógrafo

39.     Plumber: Fontanero

40.     Policeman / Policewoman: Policía

41.     Politician: Político

42.     Porter: Conserje

43.     Postman: Cartero (UK)

44.     Psychologist: Psicólogo/a

45.     Receptionist: Recepcionista

46.     Scientist: Científico

47.     Secretary: Secretario

48.     Shoemaker: Zapatero

49.     Shop assistant: Dependiente/a de una tienda

50.     Social worker: Trabajador social

51.     Surgeon: Cirujano

52.     Taxi driver: Taxista

53.     Teacher: Profesor/a (Primaria y Secundaria)

54.     Vet: Veterinario (UK)

55.     Waiter: Camarero/a (bar)

56.     Waitress: Camarera, mesera.

57.     Window cleaner: Limpiacristales

58.     Writer: Escritor

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